Compare | SILS

Layer map

One trust layer between agents and rails.

Agents reach SILS through assistant protocols. SILS proves who stands behind the agent and that it paid. The payment itself moves over existing protocols and rails.

Positions show where SILS fits, not integrations that exist today. SILS Proof is in development as a scheme inside x402. Reading AP2 mandates is in development. SILS support for ACP and MPP is not specified.²⁹

Criteria first

Six questions for any agent trust approach.

Compare capabilities, not companies. These are the criteria used on this page.

Owner binding: Who stands behind the agent. A wallet, a unique human, an account at a platform, or a KYC or KYB verified person or business.
Merchant visibility: What the merchant learns at payment. The payer's wallet, balance and history, or only that the payment is valid.
Policy enforcement point: Where spending limits are enforced. In the wallet, at the network, at the issuer, on chain, or at settlement.
Settlement options: Which rails and networks the approach can settle on.
Standards: Which open protocols it uses or extends, such as x402, AP2, ERC-8004, MCP and W3C Verifiable Credentials.
Auditability: How an authorized party, such as an auditor or regulator, can review a specific payment without exposing everything else.

Approaches compared

Grouped by approach, not by vendor.

Each approach solves a real part of the problem. Vendors often combine more than one. Descriptions summarize public materials and may not fit every product in a group.

Approach	Owner binding	Merchant visibility	Policy enforcement point	Settlement options	Standards	Auditability
Card network agent tokens^{9, 12, 13}	Cardholder or registered agent tied to an issuer account	Tokenized credential and order data. Raw card number withheld	Network and issuer, through token scope	Card rails. Some programs extend to stablecoins	HTTP Message Signatures, Verifiable Intent, AP2	Network dispute and chargeback processes
KYA attestations^20, 22	Verified owner asserted in a signed token or credential from an identity provider	Attested owner claims. Payment privacy outside scope	Provider or wallet	Rail agnostic	JWT, OAuth and OIDC, W3C Verifiable Credentials	Provider records
Wallet guardrails^18, 3	Wallet control. Human binding often not documented	Public chain data. Payer address visible in standard x402 settlement	Wallet service or secure enclave	Many public chains	x402, account abstraction	Public chain history
Proof of personhood²⁵	A unique human, without legal identity	Proof that a unique human stands behind the agent. Payment privacy not documented	Not documented	Layers on x402	x402	Limited by design
Protocol identity chains²⁴	Account-level identity anchored to identity providers	Zero-knowledge proofs of attributes such as age or residency	Protocol features such as payment locks	The protocol's own chain, with registries on other chains	x402, MCP	Through regulated identity providers
Confidential payment schemes^26, 30	Not part of the scheme	Hides amounts, balances or linkage. Scope varies. Some keep addresses visible	Not part of the scheme	Specific chains, often testnet or beta	x402	Varies by scheme
SILS²⁹	KYC or KYB verified owner. Soulbound agents under that owner In development	Proof valid, owner verified, within policy. Not the wallet, balance or history In development	Policy service, on-chain session key hook, and a settlement gate In development	Revolution primary. Base, Ethereum and Solana In development Planned	x402 scheme, ERC-8004 mirror, AP2 mandates, MCP, A2A In development	Viewing proof for one specified payment. Mandate anchor In development

For SILS, Revolution settlement is in development. Base, Ethereum and Solana support is Planned.

Standards

What each standard covers today.

SILS extends open standards. It does not compete with them. This table shows what each one defines, as documented in its own materials.

Standard	Identity bound to a human owner	Payer privacy	Policy and limits	Settlement	Status, Oct 2026
x402^1, 2, 3	Out of scope by design. Sign-In-With-X proves wallet control	Not provided. Payer address and amount are public on chain	Partial. `upto` ceiling and timeouts. No owner policy	EVM chains, Solana and other ecosystems	v2. x402 Foundation at the Linux Foundation
ERC-8004⁴	Token owner wallet. No KYC defined	Not provided. Public registries	Not defined	Any EVM chain. Payments out of scope	Draft ERC. Mainnet deployments since Jan 2026
AP2⁵	Through signed mandates. Depends on the credential issuer	Not defined for the on-chain leg	Intent mandate rules such as price and timing	Cards. Stablecoins through the A2A x402 extension	v0.2. Donated to the FIDO Alliance Apr 2026
ACP and Shared Payment Tokens^6, 7	Through the platform account and payment provider	Card tokenization. No on-chain privacy	Token maximum amount, expiry and seller scope	Card and wallet rails	Spec snapshot 2026-04-17
Visa TAP and Intelligent Commerce^9, 10	Consumer recognition, ID token, Visa-verified directory	Card tokenization	Issuer controls	VisaNet. Also bridges x402 and MPP	Live programs and pilots
Mastercard Agent Pay and Verifiable Intent^{12, 13, 14}	Registered agents. Signed intent chain	Selective disclosure of claims	Spending limits and machine-enforceable constraints	Cards, accounts and stablecoins	Agent Pay live. Verifiable Intent Draft v0.1
Cross-network KYA framework¹⁵	Operator traceability, as a principle	Not addressed	Monitoring, as a principle	Card networks. Crypto rails not addressed	Principles. No timetable announced
MPP⁸	No identity layer found	Not documented	Payment sessions	Tempo and Stripe	Launched Mar 2026
MCP and A2A¹⁶	Signed Agent Cards prove keys, not owners	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable. Distribution	MCP 2026-07-28. A2A v1.0
W3C VC 2.0 and DID¹⁷	Format. Depends on the issuer	Selective disclosure	Not applicable	Not applicable	VC 2.0 Recommendation. DID 1.1 Candidate Recommendation

Visa's July 2026 report states: "No universal agent identity standard bridges the emerging crypto-native rails with traditional rails."¹¹

Vendor matrix

As of October 3, 2026.

Each row summarizes the vendor's public materials and cites them. "Not documented" means the sources reviewed did not describe the capability. It does not mean the vendor lacks it.

Vendor and offering	Approach	Owner binding	What the merchant sees	Policy controls	Settlement	Standards	Status	Sources
Visa Trusted Agent Protocol, Intelligent Commerce	Card network agent tokens	Documented. Consumer recognition object with an ID token. Tokenized credentials authorized by the consumer	Partial. Card tokenization. Payer privacy from the merchant not documented	Partial. Issuer controls	VisaNet. Intelligent Commerce also bridges x402 and MPP	HTTP Message Signatures. Supports TAP, x402, MPP, ACP and UCP	TAP announced Oct 14, 2025. Programs and pilots	⁹ ¹⁰ ¹¹
Mastercard Agent Pay, Verifiable Intent, Agent Pay for Machines	Card network agent tokens	Documented. Registered agents with network tokens. Verifiable Intent links consumer identity to instructions	Partial. Selective disclosure of intent claims. Agent Pay for Machines records permissions on public chains by design	Documented. Spending limits and token scope	Cards, accounts and stablecoins. Agent Pay for Machines on several public chains	AP2. Verifiable Intent Draft v0.1, donated to FIDO	Agent Pay live. Agent Pay for Machines launched Jun 10, 2026	¹² ¹³ ¹⁴
Stripe ACP, Shared Payment Tokens, Tempo	Platform checkout and tokens	Partial. Through the platform account and payment provider	Partial. Tokenized credentials. On-chain payer privacy not documented	Documented. Token maximum amount, expiry and seller scope	Cards and wallets. Tempo network with MPP	ACP, co-developed with OpenAI. MPP, co-authored with Tempo. MCP server	ACP spec 2026-04-17. Tempo mainnet Mar 18, 2026	⁶ ⁷ ⁸ ²⁸
Coinbase Developer Platform x402 facilitator, Agentic Wallets	Wallet guardrails	Not documented. Guardrails without human binding	Not documented. Standard x402 settlement is public on chain	Documented. Session caps, per-transaction limits, allowlists	Base, Ethereum, Solana and other chains	x402 originator. Facilitator runs KYT and OFAC checks	Agentic Wallets launched Feb 11, 2026	¹⁸ ¹⁹ ³
Skyfire KYAPay	KYA attestations	Documented. Signed JWT carrying verified owner information	Not documented.	Documented. Per-agent spending limits	USDC on chain, tokenized cards, ACH. Chains not documented	OAuth2 and OIDC. References MCP, UCP and A2A. Mastercard KYA integration announced Sep 30, 2026	KYAPay launched Jun 26, 2025	²⁰ ²¹
Crossmint Agentic Credentials, agent wallets	KYA attestations and wallet guardrails	Partial. W3C verifiable credentials that an agent acts for a user	Not documented.	Documented. Spending limits, merchant allowlists, approval thresholds, audit logs	Stablecoin wallets across 40+ chains. Virtual cards	x402, AP2, Visa Intelligent Commerce. MiCA CASP authorization, SOC 2	In market	²²
Catena Labs Agent Commerce Kit	KYA attestations and wallet guardrails	Partial. Verifiable identity per agent	Not documented.	Documented. Deterministic policies, spending limits, approved recipients	Cards, ACH, wires, stablecoins. Chains not documented	Agent Commerce Kit on W3C standards	Filed for an OCC national trust bank charter	²³
Concordium Protocol identity, x402 integration	Protocol identity chain	Documented. Accounts linked to a verified real-world identity	Partial. Zero-knowledge attribute proofs. Hiding the payer wallet from the merchant not documented	Partial. Protocol-level payment locks	Concordium L1. Agent registry spans other chains	x402, MCP	Live L1. x402 integration live Jun 2026	²⁴
World AgentKit	Proof of personhood	Partial. Unique human, not legal identity	Partial. Proves a unique human without revealing who. Payment privacy not documented	Not documented.	Layers on x402. USDC on Base mentioned	x402	Launched Mar 17, 2026. Expanded Jun 24, 2026	²⁵
TACEO Confidential x402 payments	Confidential payment scheme	Not documented.	Partial. Hides amounts and balances. Sender and receiver addresses visible. Full privacy on roadmap	Not documented.	Base Sepolia testnet	x402	Testnet since May 14, 2026	²⁶
Kite AI Kite Chain, Agent Passport	Protocol identity chain	Partial. Agent Passport with verifiable identity. Public KYC binding not documented	Not documented.	Documented. Budgets, permission scopes, revocation, audit trails	Kite Chain, EVM compatible, stablecoin settlement	x402, AP2, MPP, MCP	Launched Apr 30, 2026	²⁷
SILS SILS ID, Policy, Proof	Trust layer across rails	KYC for people, KYB for businesses, KYA for agents. Soulbound agent names In development	Proof valid, owner verified, within policy. Wallet, balance and history not revealed In development	Caps, categories, approval threshold, expiry, kill switch In development	Revolution primary. Base, Ethereum and Solana In development Planned	x402 scheme, ERC-8004 mirror, AP2 mandates. MCP server In development	In development Not generally available	²⁹

Vendor names are used for identification only. No affiliation, partnership or endorsement is implied. Some sources are secondary and are labeled in the list below.

What the merchant sees

Same purchase. Two receipts.

In a standard x402 payment, settlement uses a transfer authorization that publishes the payer address on chain.³ Anyone with that address can read its balance and history. With SILS Proof, the merchant checks a proof instead.

Standard x402

HTTP 402 · payment settledGET /api/v1/report

ownernot established

amount24.00 USDC

payTo0x52be71...c09d

payer wallet0x7a3f9c21e04b58d6a1f0

balance1,842.17 USDC

history212 prior payments

Payment valid. Payer wallet, balance and history are readable on chain.

SILS ProofIn development

HTTP 402 · payment settledGET /api/v1/report

agentshopping.rob.revo

amount24.00 USDC

payTosales.acme.revo

payer wallet0x7a3f9c21e04b58d6a1f0Sealed by ZK proof0x9c1e··4b7a

balance1,842.17 USDCSealed by ZK proof0x51d0··e2c9

history212 prior paymentsSealed by ZK proof0xa8f3··07d1

ZK proof valid. Owner verified. Within policy. The merchant learns yes. Nothing else.

Illustrative. Static example with sample values. SILS Proof is in development. The merchant learns that a settlement exists, that it matches the stated terms, that it was not presented before, and that it is bound to this request.²⁹

Where others are stronger today

An honest list.

Distribution. Card networks and payment platforms already reach consumers and merchants at scale. SILS does not yet.
Shipped product and volume. Several vendors in the matrix operate in production today. SILS does not.
Licenses. Some vendors hold or have applied for regulatory authorizations, such as an EU MiCA CASP authorization or a U.S. national trust bank charter.^22, 23
Capital. Many vendors in this market are better funded than SILS.
Standards authorship. Others wrote x402, AP2, ACP, MPP and ERC-8004. SILS builds on their work.
Audits and certifications. Some vendors publish SOC 2 reports and named audits. SILS has completed neither.
Zero-knowledge identity with x402 is already live on at least one protocol identity chain.²⁴

When SILS is not the right fit

Choose something else if:

You need a production system today. SILS capabilities are in development or planned.
You accept cards only and need chargeback protection now. Card network agent programs serve that case.
You want payments with no owner behind them. SILS binds every agent to a verified owner. It is not an anonymity tool.
You need the recipient hidden as well as the payer. SILS Proof is designed to hide the payer side.
You need a consumer credit score. SILS Score is commercial reputation for agents and merchant entities, never the human.
You need fiat on and off ramps from SILS directly. Ramps are planned through licensed providers.

Corrections

Spot an error? Tell SILS.

This page compares named vendors. If a cell is wrong or out of date, email the corrections inbox with a source. SILS responds within 5 business days and dates every change.

Corrections inbox

corrections@silsacommerce.com

Page history. Oct 3, 2026: comparison compiled from public sources. Next review scheduled before publication.

Sources

x402 Foundation, "x402 Specification v2," Dec 9, 2025. github.com/x402-foundation/x402. Linux Foundation, x402 Foundation launch, Apr 2, 2026. linuxfoundation.org
x402 docs, "Sign-In-With-X (SIWX)," accessed Oct 3, 2026. docs.x402.org/extensions/sign-in-with-x
Ethereum EIPs, "ERC-3009: Transfer With Authorization." eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3009
Ethereum EIPs, "ERC-8004: Trustless Agents" (Draft). eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-8004
Google Cloud, "Announcing Agent Payments Protocol (AP2)," Sep 16, 2025. cloud.google.com. Google, AP2 donated to the FIDO Alliance, Apr 28, 2026. blog.google
Agentic Commerce Protocol repository (spec 2026-04-17), accessed Oct 3, 2026. github.com/agentic-commerce-protocol
Stripe Docs, "Shared payment tokens," accessed Oct 3, 2026. docs.stripe.com
The Block, "Tempo Mainnet goes live with Machine Payments Protocol for agents," Mar 18, 2026. theblock.co
Visa, "Visa Introduces Trusted Agent Protocol," Oct 14, 2025. usa.visa.com. Visa Developer, "Trusted Agent Protocol Specifications," accessed Oct 3, 2026. developer.visa.com
Visa, announcements at Visa Payments Forum, Jun 10, 2026. usa.visa.com
Visa, agentic payments report, Jul 2026. visa.com
Mastercard, "Mastercard Agent Pay," accessed Oct 3, 2026. mastercard.com
Mastercard, "How Verifiable Intent builds trust in agentic AI commerce," Mar 5, 2026. mastercard.com. Verifiable Intent Draft v0.1. github.com/agent-intent/verifiable-intent
Mastercard, "Mastercard Launches Agent Pay for Machines," Jun 10, 2026. investor.mastercard.com. Fortune, Jun 10, 2026. fortune.com
Forkast, Visa, Mastercard and Ant International Know Your Agent framework, Sep 2026 (secondary). forkast.news
Model Context Protocol, Specification (revision 2026-07-28). modelcontextprotocol.io. Linux Foundation, A2A Protocol, Apr 9, 2026. linuxfoundation.org
W3C, "Verifiable Credentials Data Model v2.0," Recommendation, May 15, 2025. w3.org/TR/vc-data-model-2.0. W3C, "DIDs v1.1," Candidate Recommendation Snapshot, Mar 5, 2026. w3.org/TR/did-1.1
Coinbase Developer Platform, accessed Oct 3, 2026. coinbase.com/developer-platform. Eco, "Coinbase Agentic Wallets explained" (secondary). eco.com
x402 docs, "Facilitators," accessed Oct 3, 2026. docs.x402.org/dev-tools/facilitators
Business Wire via StreetInsider, "Skyfire Launches Open KYAPay Protocol," Jun 26, 2025. streetinsider.com. Skyfire, accessed Oct 3, 2026. skyfire.xyz. skyfire.xyz/product
Business Wire via FinancialContent, "Mastercard Advances Agentic Commerce With New Trust and Intelligence Services," Sep 30, 2026. financialcontent.com
Crossmint, AI agents solution page, accessed Oct 3, 2026. crossmint.com. BlockEden, Mar 16, 2026 (secondary). blockeden.xyz
Catena Labs, accessed Oct 3, 2026. catena.com. The Block, Catena Labs Series A and trust charter filing, May 20, 2026. theblock.co
Concordium, accessed Oct 3, 2026. concordium.com. Concordium, "x402 Explained," Jul 28, 2026. concordium.com/article. KuCoin Insight, Sep 24, 2026 (secondary). kucoin.com
BlockEden, "World AgentKit and x402," Mar 17, 2026 (secondary). blockeden.xyz. HackerNoon, Jun 24, 2026 (secondary). hackernoon.com
IT Brief, "TACEO launches confidential payments for x402 on Base," May 14, 2026. itbrief.news
Kite AI, accessed Oct 3, 2026. gokite.ai. The Block (press release), Kite Chain and Agent Passport, Apr 30, 2026. theblock.co
Stripe Docs, "Agents and AI on Stripe," accessed Oct 3, 2026. docs.stripe.com/agents. Decrypt, Tempo mainnet and MPP, Mar 18, 2026. decrypt.co
Revolution Network Whitepaper v2.0, October 2026, draft for review: §5.1, §6.2, §8.6, §8.8, §14. SILS component status as of Oct 3, 2026.
zBase, "Private payments for AI agents," accessed Oct 3, 2026. zbase.app

Where SILS fits.